29 results
Association of soybean-based food with the prevalence of anaemia among reproductive-aged men and women in rural Central Java, Indonesia
- Callum Lowe, Haribondhu Sarma, Matthew Kelly, Johanna Kurscheid, Budi Laksono, Salvador Amaral, Donald Stewart, Darren Gray
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 25 / Issue 12 / December 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 December 2021, pp. 3401-3409
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Objective:
To assess the association between soybean consumption and anaemic status in Central Java, Indonesia.
Design:As part of an overarching sanitation improvement intervention in Central Java, Indonesia, we conducted a cross-sectional study in four rural villages. The study consisted of a 24-h food recall, anthropometric measurements, blood Hb measurement and stool sampling to test for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection status. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to test the association between soybean consumption and anaemic status after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, STH infection, dietary diversity and anthropometric status.
Setting:This study took place in four rural villages of Wonosobo regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
Participants:Participants were rural villagers aged between 15 and 49 years.
Results:A total sample size of 763 was attained, of which 231 were anaemic. The prevalence of anaemia was 30·2 % among men and women of reproductive age, and highest among young males. Consumption of soybean was high (79·8 %). After adjusting for covariates, the protective association between soybean consumption and anaemia was statistically significant (AOR = 0·53, 95 % CI = 0·30, 0·95, P < 0·05). There was a positive association with anaemia among underweight (AOR = 2·75, 95 % CI = 1·13, 6·69, P < 0·05) and those with high diet diversity (AOR = 1·40, 95 % CI = 1·00, 1·97, P < 0·05).
Conclusions:Our results were consistent with studies from other countries finding a protective association between soybean consumption and anaemia. This association appeared stronger for tofu than for tempeh. The prevalence of anaemia in rural Central Java is relatively consistent with nation-wide statistics indicating that interventions targeting anaemia are still largely required.
Effectiveness of school-based nutrition interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
- Paul Kyere, J Lennert Veerman, Patricia Lee, Donald E Stewart
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 23 / Issue 14 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2020, pp. 2626-2636
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Objective:
To evaluate the effect of school-based nutrition interventions (SBNI) involving schoolchildren and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) on child nutrition status and nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour.
Design:A systematic review on published school nutrition intervention studies of randomised controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before-and-after studies or quasi-experimental designs with control. Nine electronic bibliographic databases were searched. To be included, interventions had to involve changes to the school’s physical and social environments, to the school’s nutrition policies, to teaching curriculum to incorporate nutrition education and/or to partnership with parents/community.
Setting:Schools in SSA.
Participants:School-aged children and adolescents, aged 5–19 years.
Results:Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. While there are few existing studies of SBNI in SSA, the evidence shows that food supplementation/fortification is very effective in reducing micronutrient deficiencies and can improve nutrition status. Secondly, school nutrition education can improve nutrition knowledge, but this may not necessarily translate into healthy nutrition behaviour, indicating that nutrition knowledge may have little impact without a facilitating environment. Results regarding anthropometry were inconclusive; however, there is evidence for the effectiveness of SBNI in improving cognitive abilities.
Conclusions:There is enough evidence to warrant further trials of SBNI in SSA. Future research should consider investigating the impact of SBNI on anthropometry and nutrition behaviour, focusing on the role of programme intensity and/or duration. To address the high incidence of micronutrient deficiencies in low- and middle-income countries, food supplementation strategies currently available to schoolchildren should be expanded.
Lines on Korle Bu
- from THE TOWN
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- By Kenneth Donald Macneill Stewart, Oterkpoku
- Edited by Victoria Ellen Smith
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- Voices of Ghana
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 02 August 2019
- Print publication:
- 21 September 2018, pp 194-199
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Summary
’Tis 4 o'clock—at the Hospital's Gate
A crowd of visitors, in long queues, wait
Admittance to the many Wards that be,
On missions full of tender charity.
The gate is opened!—and they surge in, fast.
The last becomes the first—the first the last:
Each to a ward, in anxious haste, depart,
To tell a tale of home—and of the heart!—
A tale to charm the sick man on his bed,
And ease the fever in an aching head!
A smile would often ripple down a face;
That seemed so altered by the sick man's case,
Where deepened lines of pain in furrows show,
What he endured and suffered, here, below!
Beneath yon sheets and coverlet of green,
Stretches a weakened body spectre-lean,
With truant hope yet beaming in sad eyes
That lose their lustre as the fevers rise;
Or grow still dimmer as the pulse-beats fail,
As though man's help may prove of no avail!
The Nurses, ever quick to mark a change,
As quick the necessary things arrange.
The startled visitors are asked to go,
And diverse orders in succession flow.
Hot-water bottles and hot-pads appear;
And artificial oxygen is there,
While glittering in a square enamel tray,
Surgical instruments are in array.
Screens are pulled round the bed for privacy,
Such the procedure in emergency.
The Doctor, summoned, hastens to the scene,
And tense the lagging moments pass between
The drama o'er the bed where burns a light,
And men with death in mortal combat fight.
Under the breath, the Doctor's orders go;
And, silently, the Nurses, to and fro.
The perspiration covers his fine face.
As steadily he battles with the case.
Sometimes, there is a silence that appals,
That is only broken when a forceps falls
Into the tray with a metallic sound,
Or when some foot-step shuffles on the ground.
At least, the Doctor smiles—a sign of hope,
And tests the patient with his Stethoscope …
He bathes his hands, looks at the patient's face,
And satisfied, walks slowly from the place!
Such scenes like these, in Korle Bu, each day
And treated as routine in their own way.
Weed Biomass Production Response to Plant Spacing and Corn (Zea mays) Hybrids Differing in Canopy Architecture
- Sultan H. Begna, Robert I. Hamilton, Lianne M. Dwyer, Doug W. Stewart, Daniel Cloutier, Louis Assemat, Kayhan Foroutan-Pour, Donald L. Smith
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- Journal:
- Weed Technology / Volume 15 / Issue 4 / December 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 647-653
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Field experiments were conducted in 1996, 1997, and 1998 at Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, and in 1996 at Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, to quantify the impact of corn hybrids, differing in canopy architecture and plant spacing (plant population density and row spacing), on biomass production by transplanted and naturally occurring weeds. The treatments consisted of a factorial combination of corn type (leafy reduced stature [LRS], late-maturing big leaf [LMBL], a conventional Pioneer 3979 [P3979], and, as a control, a corn-free condition [weed monoculture]), two weed levels (low density [transplanted weeds: common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed] and high density [weedy: plots with naturally occurring weeds]), two corn population densities (normal and high), and row spacings (38 and 76 cm). At all site-years under both weed levels, the decrease in biomass production by both transplanted and naturally occurring weeds was greater due to the narrow row spacing than due to the high plant population density. The combination of narrower rows and higher population densities increased corn canopy light interception by 3 to 5%. Biomass produced by both transplanted and naturally occurring weeds was five to eight times less under the corn canopy than in the weed monoculture treatment. Generally, weed biomass production was reduced more by early-maturing hybrids (LRS and P3979) than by LMBL. Thus, hybrid selection and plant spacing could be used as important components of integrated pest management (weed control) for sustainable agriculture.
Anti-Glutamate Therapy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Trial Using Lamotrigine
- Eisen Andrew, Stewart Heather, Schulzer Michael, Cameron Donald
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 20 / Issue 4 / November 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 September 2015, pp. 297-301
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Glutamate excitotoxicity is implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We report the results of a double blind, placebo controlled, trial using 100 mg of oral daily lamotrigine (3,5-diamino-6-(2,3 dichlorophenyl)-l,2,4-triazine) which inhibits glutamate release. 67 patients were entered and at trial termination of 1.5 years 15 had withdrawn (9 active and 6 placebo) and 12 had died (6 active and 6 placebo). Mean age at entry was 57.5 years for the active and 58.6 years for the placebo groups. Patients were seen at 3 monthly intervals and scored according to neurological deficit based upon age of onset, bulbar and respiratory involvement, ambulation and functional disability. The mean change in clinical scores for the active versus placebo groups over the trial period was 7.1 ± 3.3 and 9.0 ± 3.3 respectively (0.05 < p < 0.10). Changes in cortical threshold and MEP/CMAP ratios to magnetic stimulation also did not differ significantly between the two groups. We conclude that lamotrigine in the doses administered does not alter the course of ALS.
Contributors
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
- Published online:
- 05 August 2015
- Print publication:
- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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- By Nic Beech, Chris Bilton, Alan Bradshaw, Stephen Broad, Shiona Chillas, Martin Cloonan, Kevina Cody, Christine Coupland, Stephen Cummings, Ann Cunliffe, Chris Cusack, Jane Donald, Martin Dowling, Michael Downes, Celia Duffy, Charlotte Gilmore, Lance Green, Gail Greig, Elizabeth Gulledge, Chris Hackley, Martin John Henry, Paul Hibbert, Casper Hoedemaekers, R. M. Hubbert, John Hunt, Peter Keenan, Nod Knowles, Gretchen Larsen, Johnny Lynch, Raymond MacDonald, Robert MacIntosh, Katy MacKintosh, Donald MacLean, Katy J. Mason, Alan McCusker-Thompson, Lloyd Meredith, Louise Mitchell, Davide Nicolini, Daragh O’Reilly, Jill O’Sullivan, Cliff Oswick, Marco Panagopoulos, Jim Prime, Jenny Reeve, Simon Rose, Michael Saren, David Sims, Ian Smith, Duglas T. Stewart, Chris Stout, Dimitrinka Stoyanova Russell, Antonio Strati, Ben Talbot Dunn:, Robyn Thomas, Lori Watson, Simon Webb, Richard Wigley, Sierk Ybema, Matthew Young, Carlo Zanotti
- Edited by Nic Beech, University of Dundee, Charlotte Gilmore, University of Edinburgh
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- Organising Music
- Published online:
- 05 January 2015
- Print publication:
- 05 February 2015, pp xii-xxviii
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Non-target Gelechiidae and Noctuidae attraction to Aroga trialbamaculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) pheromone-based trapping systems – CORRIGENDUM
- Jillian A. Kelly, Trevor S. Avery, Donald T. Stewart, G. Christopher Cutler, Sonia O. Gaul, Kenna E. MacKenzie, N. Kirk Hillier
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- Journal:
- The Canadian Entomologist / Volume 145 / Issue 1 / February 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 February 2013, p. 124
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Non-target Gelechiidae and Noctuidae attraction to Aroga trialbamaculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) pheromone-based trapping systems
- Jillian A. Kelly, Trevor S. Avery, Donald T. Stewart, Christopher G. Cutler, Sonia O. Gaul, Kenna E. MacKenzie, N. Kirk Hillier
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- Journal:
- The Canadian Entomologist / Volume 145 / Issue 1 / February 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 January 2013, pp. 48-52
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Cucullia umbratica Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Agnippe prunifoliella Chambers (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and Bryotropha plantariella Tengstrom (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), were significant bycatch in pheromone-based trapping systems for red-striped fireworm, Aroga trialbamaculella Chambers (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in Nova Scotia, Canada. Cucullia umbratica is a European introduced species and a new macrolepidopteran recorded in continental Canada. The only previous record of this moth in North America was from the Magdalen Islands (Québec, Canada). Potential attractants for B. plantariella, A. prunifoliella, and C. umbratica are a result of this bycatch investigation.
The implementation and effectiveness of school-based nutrition promotion programmes using a health-promoting schools approach: a systematic review
- Dongxu Wang, Donald Stewart
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 16 / Issue 6 / June 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 July 2012, pp. 1082-1100
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Objective
To evaluate implementation and effectiveness of nutrition promotion programmes using the health-promoting schools (HPS) approach, to indicate areas where further research is needed and to make recommendations for practice in this field.
DesignThe searched electronic databases included: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Health Reference Center, Informit Search, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Social Services Abstracts and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were: (i) controlled or before-and-after studies evaluating a nutrition intervention and involving the HPS approach, either fully or in part; (ii) provision of information about components and delivery of the intervention; and (iii) report on all evaluated outcomes.
SettingSchools.
SubjectsStudents, parents and school staff.
ResultsAll included studies described intervention delivery and six reported on process evaluation. In intervention schools school environment and ethos were more supportive, appropriate curriculum was delivered and parents and/or the community were more engaged and involved. Students participated in interventions at differing levels, but the majority was satisfied with the intervention. The evidence indicates that nutrition promotion programmes using the HPS approach can increase participants’ consumption of high-fibre foods, healthier snacks, water, milk, fruit and vegetables. It can also reduce participants’ ‘breakfast skipping’, as well as reduce intakes of red food, low-nutrient dense foods, fatty and cream foods, sweet drinks consumption and eating disorders. It can help to develop hygienic habits and improved food safety behaviours.
ConclusionsMore professional training for teachers in the HPS approach, further qualitative studies, longer intervention periods, improved follow-up evaluations and adequate funding are required for future school-based nutrition promotion programmes.
LIFE HISTORY OF THE FUNGUS GNAT MACROCERA NOBILIS IN AMERICAN CAVES (DIPTERA: MYCETOPHILIDAE)
- Stewart B. Peck, Donald R. Russell
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- Journal:
- The Canadian Entomologist / Volume 108 / Issue 11 / November 1976
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 May 2012, pp. 1235-1241
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The mycetophilid Macrocera nobilis Johnson, previously known only from forests in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, is here reported from caves in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. A study of populations in Oklahoma shows that the short-lived adults mate in cave entrances, but that oviposition, larval development, and pupation occur only in the dark zone of caves. The larvae build extensive webs upon which they travel and which they use to capture insect prey (mostly other Diptera). Reproduction and life cycle development is not seasonal. The larval stage lasts 9 or 10 months, and the pupal stage about 2 weeks.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. 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Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Dialogue on Metaphor: Madison on Metaphor
- Donald Stewart
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- Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review / Revue canadienne de philosophie / Volume 24 / Issue 4 / Winter 1985
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- 13 April 2010, pp. 701-706
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The Standardisation of Tuberculin
- Robert Philip, A. G. McKendrick, R. S. Begbie, W. O. Kermack, Donald Stewart
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- Journal of Hygiene / Volume 30 / Issue 2 / June 1930
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- 15 May 2009, pp. 221-238
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It will be convenient to summarise the results of the foregoing observations and the conclusions which appear justified by a comparison of results obtained by the two methods of standardisation under consideration, namely (1) cutaneous, on the human subject, and (2) intracutaneous (intradermal) on the guinea-pig.
1. In the absence of knowledge regarding the essential chemistry of tuberculin, a chemical method of standardisation is excluded.
2. The phenomena of allergic reactivity point to a biological basis for standardisation.
3. The allergic reactions have been studied in the sensitised animal and in the human tuberculised subject.
4. Tuberculins of unknown potency have been compared with a tuberculin of known potency which has been selected as standard.
5. Comparative observations have been made as between the standard and the unknown tuberculin, by (a) making use of different dilutions, and (6) assessing results in animals (sensitised) and in human (tuberculised) subjects.
6. In the sensitised guinea-pig the intracutaneous method has been used, and a definite procedure followed in the determination of results.
7. In the human tuberculised subject the cutaneous method has been used, and similar procedure followed for the determination of results. The method and results are illustrated in the text.
8. The results in the two sets of observations are definite and comparable. Both afford a basis for standardisation.
9. The average probable errors by the two methods are approximately equal, that is, the accuracy of the one method is approximately equal to that of the other.
10. If this be so, a strong plea may be advanced in favour of the human test. Shortly expressed: human (tuberculised) subjects are readily available for observation. The procedure involves little preparation, and the results are easily read with exactness. The tuberculin under test is to be used thereafter in relation to the human subject. This fact enhances the value of the test observations.
If it be objected that in intracutaneous injection the amount of tuberculin introduced is measured more precisely, it may fairly be maintained that the droplet application of tuberculin is limited to a sharply defined area of skin surface and, further, that the clear skin of the human subject allows of more accurate estimation of the diameters of the areas of reaction.
The present enquiry has shown that assays on a variety of human (tuberculised) subjects yield consistent results, and similarly, assays on various animals give consistent results. Yet the animal results are not always contistent with the human results. The explanation of the discrepancy is not very clear. It is not impossible that certain strains of tuberculin act in less degree on the human subject and in greater degree on the animal, and conversely. The occurrence of such differences might be misleading and even involve risk, if standardisation tests were limited to animals without control from observations on the human subject.
If we grant, as the records have shown, that the procedure in relation to the human subject is sound and is innocuous to the human subject of the test, much may be said for the simplicity of the method and for the clarity of results obtained. As the tuberculins under test are destined for use on human subjects—for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes—it would seem reasonable, and probably safer, to base the standardisation of tuberculin (for human purposes) on observations in relation to man.
Necrotizing pneumonia and septic shock: suspecting CA-MRSA in patients presenting to Canadian emergency departments
- Joseph V. Vayalumkal, Heather Whittingham, Otto Vanderkooi, Thomas E. Stewart, Donald E. Low, Michael Mulvey, Allison McGeer
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- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 9 / Issue 4 / July 2007
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- 21 May 2015, pp. 300-303
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- July 2007
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We report a case of fatal necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in an otherwise well, 48-year-old Canadian man with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had travelled to Texas. Despite therapy that included intravenous antibiotics, intravenous immune globulin and other supportive measures, the patient succumbed to his illness. Recently, CA-MRSA pneumonia has been reported in several countries. The virulence of this organism may in part be related to its ability to produce toxins, such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin. As rates of CA-MRSA increase worldwide, physicians should be aware of the potential for MRSA to cause life-threatening infections in patients presenting to Canadian emergency departments (EDs). Necrotizing pneumonia caused by MRSA must be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute, severe respiratory illness. Early recognition of this syndrome in the ED may help physicians initiate appropriate antibiotic therapy in a timely manner.
Placebo run-in period in studies of depressive disorders: Clinical, heuristic and research implications
- Frederic M. Quitkin, Patrick J. McGrath, Jonathan W. Stewart, Katja Ocepek-Welikson, Bonnie P. Taylor, Edward Nunes, Deborah Delivannides, Vito Agosti, Steven J. Donovan, Donald Ross, Eva Petkova, Donald F. Klein
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- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 173 / Issue 3 / September 1998
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- 03 January 2018, pp. 242-248
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- September 1998
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Background
In spite of the virtually ubiquitous nature of the initial 10-day placebo run-in period (IPR) in drug trials, there is little empirical data establishing its relevance.
MethodData from 593 subjects were examined retrospectively to determine whether or not the prognosis of subjects minimally improved during the IPR was different to those who were unimproved. The IPR period was single-blind and was followed by a six-week double-blind phase in all studies.
ResultsTwenty-six per cent of the subjects were minimally improved and 74% were unimproved. Approximately 10% of the subjects who were much improved were not followed systematically. Across a range of diagnosis, severity and chronicity subjects minimally improved (versus unimproved) after IPR had a more favourable prognosis whether assigned to drug or placebo.
ConclusionsChange during IPR appears to be a meaningful predictor. Stratification should be considered in future antidepressant studies.
Abbreviations
- Donald Denoon, Australian National University, Canberra, Malama Meleisea
- With Stewart Firth, Jocelyn Linnekin, Karen Nero
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- The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders
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- 28 March 2008
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- 28 August 1997, pp 471-471
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Part One - The Pacific To 1941
- Donald Denoon, Australian National University, Canberra, Malama Meleisea
- With Stewart Firth, Jocelyn Linnekin, Karen Nero
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- The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders
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- 28 March 2008
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- 28 August 1997, pp -
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Glossary
- Donald Denoon, Australian National University, Canberra, Malama Meleisea
- With Stewart Firth, Jocelyn Linnekin, Karen Nero
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- The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders
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- 28 March 2008
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- 28 August 1997, pp 468-470
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Map
- Donald Denoon, Australian National University, Canberra, Malama Meleisea
- With Stewart Firth, Jocelyn Linnekin, Karen Nero
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- The Cambridge History of the Pacific Islanders
- Published online:
- 28 March 2008
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- 28 August 1997, pp -
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